Prof dr hab. Mariusz Ziółkowski Director of the Center for Andean Studies of the University of Warsaw. Art historian and archaeologist, among his specialties, are archaeoastronomy, history of the Inca State, and radiocarbon dating methods.
Prof. Dr. Mariusz Ziółkowski
Academic education:
1972-1977: studies in archeology and art history at the University of Warsaw, graduated with a master's degree in 1977;
1974- Diplôme des Hautes Etudes de Langue et Civilization Françaises, Alliance Française, Paris;
1986 – Doctor in Archaeology. Thesis: Pachap unanchan: the metropolitan calendar of the Inka Empire, defended at the Faculty of History, University of Warsaw;
1997 – Habilitation in the field of archeology of the Americas. Study: The war of the wawquis: The mechanisms and objectives of the rivalry within the Inca elite, s. XV – XVI., Abya Yala Collection, vol. 41, Quito 1997
2013 – Title of Ordinary Professor, granted by the President of the Republic of Poland.
academic functions:
· Director of the didactic track: Archeology of the Americas and Oceania;
· Director of the Center for Andean Studies of the University of Warsaw in Cusco, Peru (CEAC)
· Extraordinary Professor, Catholic University of Santa María, Arequipa, Peru;
Specialization:
Archeology and ethnohistory of the Incas, absolute dating techniques, archaeoastronomy, studies on ancient religions.
Specialization:
Andean archeology, Inca architecture, Inca water cult, Andean paleography, Andean ethnohistory.
Academic career:
Professor Ziółkowski participated in archaeological projects in Poland, Iraq, Peru, Ecuador and Bolivia, among others.
He was deputy chief of the Polish Scientific Expedition in the Andes and of the "Huaura-Checras Project", carried out by the Expedition from August to October 1978 in the Department of Lima, Peru. He also participated in the second season of project work in 1985. From January to September 1981 he worked at the Otavaleño Institute of Anthropology in Otavalo (Ecuador) as a fellow of Instituto Ecuatoriano de Crédito Educativo y Becas. Then he began to study the astronomical orientations of the Inca ceremonial structures in Ingapirca, Cañar province (Ecuador). These studies continued in the seasons 1985, 1987 and 1988. In 1991 and 1994, in collaboration with the architect Sławomir Święciochowski and the geologist dr. Jerzy Grodzicki, he conducted conservation studies at Ingapirca combined with specialized workshops (1994), under the patronage and support of the Polish Committee for UNESCO. Since 1986, as a member of the Nasca Project of the Italian Archaeological Mission, he participated in the Mission's research work at the sites of Cahuachi and Pueblo Viejo in the Nazca Valley, Peru. Since 1996, he has been acting as head of the Condesuyos Archaeological Project, created under a cooperation agreement between the University of Warsaw and the Catholic University of Santa María in Arequipa. Since 2008, he has directed the CEAC cooperation project with the Machu Picchu National Park.
In the years 2007 – 2014, together with prof. Dr. Giuseppe Orefici, he directed the Tiwanaku-Kantatallita Archaeological Project (Bolivia).
In 2016-2018 he was one of the researchers in the Samaipata Project (Bolivia). Directed by the teacher. Dr. hab. eng Jacek Kościuk.
He conducted research and lectured in many countries in the United States and Europe, among others, as a member of the Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), Paris, France, Brown-Sykora Foundation and the University of St Andrews, Scotland, Universite Libre of Brussels, Belgium; Friedrich-Wilhelms Universität, Bonn, Germany, Fondation Fyssen, Paris, France and Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Spain.
He participated as speaker and / or coordinator in approximately 70 international congresses and symposia, among others in 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 53, 54, 55 and 56th International Congress of Americanists. He was the Secretary General of the 50th International Congress of Americanists organized in Warsaw from July 10-15, 2000. Currently, he is a member of the Standing Committee of the International Congress of Americanists.
During his 40 years of relations with Latin America, he participated in numerous scientific and cultural events. He initiated and supervised the preparation in Poland and the transfer to Peru of two bas-reliefs with the image of Eng. Ernest Malinowski, currently exhibited in the Museo del Real Felipe in Callao and in the Plaza Ernest Malinowski in Arequipa, as well as in the busts of the prominent Peruvian historian and great friend of Poland Dr. Edmundo Guillén Guillén (Inka Museum, Cusco). Similarly, he initiated and organized the transfer of the bust of a well-known Polish scientist, the Rector of the Chilean Alma Mater, Eng. Ignacy Domeyko to the University of Chile in Santiago de Chile, on the part the University of Warsaw (and other Polish institutions). The second copy of this work (by artist-sculptor Teresa Brzóskiewicz) was donated by the Krakow-based University of Economics and AGH to Ecoles des Mines in Paris, from which Domeyko graduated.
Awards:
Prize of the 44th International Congress of Americanists (Manchester 1982) awarded for the study entitled: The problems of the reconstruction of the Andean calendars (writers together with the astronomer Robert M. Sadowski);
The Order of Merit, awarded by the Government of the Republic of Peru (1998).
A member of (among others):
Deutsches Archäologisches Institute, Berlin
· Institute of Andean Studies, Berkeley, California. USES.
· Society of Americanists, Paris, France
· European Society for Astronomy in Culture (SEAC)
· Inter-American Society for Astronomy in Culture (SIAC)
· Editor of Latin American Studies, journal of the Polish Society of Latin American Studies
President of the Polish Chapter of the Explorers Club
Bibliography (selection)
Books (parenting or co-parenting):
Ziółkowski M., Szemiński J. (2018) Mitos, rituales y politica de los Incas, El Lector, Arequipa.
Ziółkowski M., Szemiński J. (2015) Mythes, rituels et politique des Incas dans la tourmente de La Conquista, L'Harmattan, Paris.
Ziółkowski M. (2015) Pachap vnancha. El calendario metropolitano del Estado Inca, Ediciones El Lector, Arequipa.
Ziółkowski M., Szemiński J. (2014) Mity, Rytuały i polityka Inków, PIW, Warsaw, second edition, revised and extended.
Ziółkowski M., Szemiński J. (2006) Mity, Rytuały i polityka Inków, PIW, Warsaw.
Wichrowska O., Ziółkowski M. (2000) Iconografía de los Keros de la colección del Museum fur Völkerkunde de Berlin, Boletín de la Misión Arqueológica Andina vol. 4, Warsaw.
Ziółkowski M. (1997) The Wawqui War. The mechanisms and objectives of the rivalry within the Inca elite, pp.: XV – XVI., Abya Yala Collection, vol. 41, Quito.
Ziółkowski M., Sadowski RM (1992) La Arqueoastronomia en la investigación de las culturas andinas, Instituto Otavaleño de Antropologia – Banco Central del Ecuador, Quito.
Monographs (as an editor)
Ziółkowski M., Decoster JJ (2016) Vilcabamba: entre arqueología, historia y mito, Coedition CBC/ University of Warsaw/ Tinku Center, Cusco.
Szemiński J., Ziółkowski M. (2015) Mythes, rituels et politique des Incas dans la tormente de la Conquista. L'Harmattan, ISBN-13: 978-2343031606
Petrocchi MC, Ziółkowski M. (2006) Adivinación y oráculos en el mundo andino antiguo, PUCP, Lima.
Ziółkowski M., Belan Franco L.A. El Proyecto Arqueológico Condesuyos. Temporadas 1996-1999, Andean Archaeological Mission of the University of Warsaw, Warsaw
Ziółkowski M. et al. (1994) Andes. Radiocarbon Database for Bolivia, Ecuador and Peru, Andean Archaeological Mission – Gliwice Radiocarbon Laboratory, Warsaw.
Tymowski M., Ziółkowski M. (1992) Geneza i funkcjonowanie współczesnych form państwowych na tle porównawczym, Wydawnictwa UW, Warsaw.
Ziółkowski M., Sadowski RM (1989) Time and Astronomy in the Inca Empire, BAR International Series 459, Oxford.
Other publications:
Ziółkowski M., Siemianowska S. (2021) An Inca» Epic Hymn» in a colonial Quero: Presentation and Preliminary Study, Chungara-Revista de Antropologia Chilena, 53(1), 55-80.
Popović D., Molak M., Ziółkowski M., Vranich A., Sobczyk M., Vidaurre, DU, Agresti G., Skrzypaczak M., Ginalski K., Thiseas Ch.L., Nakatsuka N., Mallick S., Baca M. (2021) Ancient genomes reveal long range influence of the site and culture of Tiwanaku, Science Advances 7(39): https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abg7261.
Masini N., Copozzoli L., Romano G., Sieczkowska D., Sileo M., Bastante JM, Astete Victoria F., Ziółkowski M., Lasaponara R. (2020) Archaeogeophysics applied to Inca archaeology: the case of the archaeological monument Chachabamba [in:] MACHUPICCHU INTERDISCIPLINARY INVESTIGATIONS, vol. 2, F. Astete, JM Quite (eds.).
Ziółkowski M., Abuhadba JB, Hogg A., Sieczkowska D., Rakowski A., Pawlyta J., Manning SW (2020) When did the Incas build Machu Picchu and its satellite sites? New approaches based on radiocarbon dating, Radiocarbon, 1-15. DOI 10.1017/RDC.2020.79
Ziółkowski M. (2020) The Fort of Samaipata in the light of current research. Architectus, (2 (62)), 11-18. DOI: 10.37190/arc200203
Ziółkowski M. (2020) The Moon and Planets Among the Incas and Other Pre-Hispanic Andean Peoples. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Planetary Science.
Popović D., Spain VM, Ziółkowski M., Weglenski, P., Baca M. (2020) Molecular species assignment and dating of putative pre-Columbian dog remains excavated from Bolivia, Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 31, 102273. DOI : 10.1016/j.jasrep.2020.102273.
Ziółkowski M., Kościuk J. (2018) Astronomical observations in the Inca Temple of Coricancha (Cusco)? A critical review of the hypothesis, Teka Komisji Architektury, Urbanistyki i Studiów Krajobrazowych, 14(1): 7-33.
Ziółkowski M. (2018) The iconography and use of Inca and colonial drinking vessels. [in:] The Oxford Handbook of the Incas. ISBN 9780190219352.
Masini N., Capozzoli L., Romano G., Sieczkowska D., Sileo M., Bastante J., Astete F., Ziółkowski M., Lasaponara R. (2018) Archaeogeophysical-based approach for Inca archaeology: Overview and one operational applications, Surveys in Geophysics, 39(6): 1239-1262. DOI 10.1007/s10712-018-9502-2.
Victoria FA, Ziółkowski M., Kościuk J. (2017) On Inca astronomical instruments: the observatory at Inkaraqay–El Mirador (National Archaeological Park of Machu Picchu, Peru), Latin American Studies, 37: 9-25.
Ziółkowski M. (2015) Los soldados antis del Inca, o, de la utilidad de los caníbales en la guerra sicológica, Estudios Latinoamericanos, 35: 177-187.
Ziółkowski M. (2015) Observations of comets and eclipses in the Andes. [in:] Handbook of Archaeoastronomy and Ethnoastronomy, 913.
Ziółkowski M., Kościuk J., Astete, F. (2015) Inca Moon: some evidence of lunar observations in Tahuantinsuyu. [in:] Handbook of Archaeoastronomy and Ethnoastronomy, 897.
Ziółkowski M. (2015) Inca Calendar. [in:] Handbook of Archaeoastronomy and Ethnoastronomy, 839-850. ISBN: 978-1-4614-6141-8.
Ziółkowski M. (2014) The Ushnus of Condesuyos. [in:] Inka Sacred Space: Landscape, Site and Symbol in the Andes. Archetype, London: 245-260.
Ziółkowski M., Kościuk J., Victoria FA (2013) Astronomical observations at Intimachay (Machu Picchu): A new approach to an old problem. [in:] Ancient Cosmologies and Modern Prophets. Proceedings of the 20th Conference of the European Society for Astronomy in Culture, I. Sprajc, P. Pehani (eds.): 391-404.
Buda P., Sobczyk M., Wołoszyn JZ, Ziółkowski M. (2011) Maucallacta – an Inca administrative and ceremonial center in Condesuyos. [in:] The Nature and Culture of Latin America. Review of Polish Studies. Z. Mirek, A. Flakus, A. Krzanowski, A. Paulo, J. Wojtusiak (eds.) W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Science, Kraków.
Ziółkowski M., Sobczyk M. (2009) Buscando el oráculo y santuario del Nevado Solimana. Andes, Boletín de la Misión Arqueológica Andina, 7: 373-402.
Ziółkowski M., Belan Franco LA, Sobczyk M. (2007) Proyecto Arqueológico Condesuyos, vol. 3, Andes, Boletín de la Misión Arqueológica Andina, no. 6, second edition, corrected and extended.
Ziółkowski M., Belan Franco LA, Sobczyk M. (2005) CProyecto Arqueológico Condesuyos, vol. 3, Andes, Boletín de la Misión Arqueológica Andina, no. 6, Warsaw.
Ziółkowski M., Belan Franco LA, Sobczyk M. (2005) TEl Proyecto Arqueológico “CONDESUYOS”, temporadas 2000–2005. Andes, Boletín de la Misión Arqueológica Andina, no. 6, Warsaw: 11-14.
Ziółkowski M., Sobczyk M. (2005) Huaycha y Jamayo: sitios ceremoniales en las alturas de Andaray. Andes, Boletín de la Misión Arqueológica Andina, no. 6, Warsaw: 227-238.
Ziółkowski M., Sobczyk M. (2005) En las laderas septentrionales del Nevado Coropuna: el asentamiento inca de Maucallacta–Pucuncho. Andes, Boletín de la Misión Arqueológica Andina, no. 6, Warsaw: 303-316.
Ziółkowski M., Sobczyk M., Presbítero Rodríguez G. (2005) PSitio arqueológico Pucara Sińulica: estudios preliminares. Andes, Boletín de la Misión Arqueológica Andina, no. 6, Warsaw: 277-300.
Ziółkowski M., Sobczyk M. (2005) Dos sitios ceremoniales en las laderas del Nevado Solimana. Andes, Boletín de la Misión Arqueológica Andina, no. 6, Warsaw: 317-336.
Ziółkowski M. (2004) Egzekucja Atahuallpy 26 lipca 1533 r.: hiszpańska «zbrodnia sądowa» czy inkaski zamach stanu? (The execution of Atahuallpa on July 26th, 1533: a Spanish «court crime» or an Incaic «coup d' état?»), [in:] Zamach stanu w dawnych społecznościach, OBTA UW, Warsaw: 429-456.
Ziółkowski M. (1997) Ataw, o de la suerte del comandante victorioso. [in:] Tawantinsuyu, vol. 2, Sydney.
Ziółkowski M. (1997) Los juegos y las apuestas o del orígen de la propiedad (privada), [in:] Rafael Varón Gabai, Javier Flores Espinoza (eds.) Arqueologia, Antropologia e Historia en los Andes. Homenaje a María Rostworowski, Instituto de Estudios Peruanos, Banco Central de Reserva del Peru, Lima: 301-319.
Ziółkowski M. (1994) Punchao, Wanakawri y la Virgen de la Candelaria o de los dilemas de los Incas de Copacabana. [in:] Time and Astronomy at the Meeting of the Two Worlds (ed. S. Iwaniszewski et al.), CESLA UW, Estudios y Memorias Series no. 10, Warsaw: 343-357.
Ziółkowski M., Lebeuf A., Sadowski RM (1993) 13 Grudnia albo „Co Author chciał powiedzieć?”; Polska Ethnography, vol. XXXVII (1).
Ziółkowski M., Lebeuf A., Sadowski RM (1991) 13 Grudnia, czyli rzecz o Słońcu, Skordiowie i Ludwiku Stommie; Polska Ethnography, vol. XXXV (1): 193-216.
Ziółkowski M., Lebeuf A. (1991) Les Incas, savaient-ils prévoir les éclipses de lune?; Astronomie et Sciences Humaines, Strasbourg, vol. 7:23-42.
Ziółkowski M., Lebeuf A. (1991) Archéoastronomie?; Les Nouvelles de l'Archéologie, Paris, no. 44:19-22.
Ziółkowski M. (1991) El Sapan Inca y el Sumo Sacerdote, en: El culto estatal del Imperio Inca. M. Ziółkowski (ed.), CESLA UW, Studia i Materiały Series vol. 2, Warsaw: 59-74.
Ziółkowski M., Sadowski RM (1989) The reconstruction of the metropolitan calendar of the Incas in the period 1500-1572 AD. [in:] Time and calendars in the Inca Empire, M. Ziółkowski, RM Sadowski (eds.), BAR International Series 479, Oxford: 167-196.
Ziółkowski M., Sadowski RM 1989 Investigaciones arqueoastronómicas en el sitio de Ingapirca prov. de Cañar, Ecuador; Colloquio Internazionale Archeologia e Astronomia, Venice 3-6 Maggio 1989, Rivista di Archeologia, Supplementi 9: 151-169
Ziółkowski M. (1989) Los cometas de Atawallapa: acerca del papel de las profecías en la política del Estado Inka; Anthropologica del DCS PUCP, year VI, no 6.
Reprint in: Contemporary Peruvianists II, Wilfredo Kapsoli (ed.), CONCYTEC, Lima.
Ziółkowski M. (1989) The Inca metropolitan calendar. [in:] Time and Calendars in the Inca Empire, MS Ziółkowski, RM Sadowski (eds.), BAR International Series 479, Oxford: 129-166.
Ziółkowski M. (1988) Las fiestas del calendario metropolitano inca: Second part.; Ethnologia Polona, vol.14: 221-258.
Ziółkowski M. (1987) Las fiestas del calendario metropolitano inca: First part.; Ethnologia Polona, vol.13: 183-217.
Ziółkowski M., Sadowski RM (1985) Informe de la segunda temporada de investigaciones arqueoastronómicas en Ingapirca (Ecuador), [in:] Primer Simposio Europeo sobre Antropologia del Ecuador, Segundo Moreno Y. (ed.), Ediciones Abya-Yala, Quito .
Ziółkowski M. (1985) Hanan pachap unanchan: las „señales del cielo” y su papel en la etnohistoria andina; Revista Española de Antropología Americana, vol. XV: 147-182.
Ziółkowski M. (1983) a piedra del cielo: algunos aspectos de la educación e iniciación religiosa de los principes incas, Ethnologia Polona, vol. 9:219-234.
reprint in: Anthropologica of the Department of Social Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, Year II, no. 2, 1984: 45-65.
Ziółkowski M., Sadowski RM, Piasecki K. (1982) Stone rings of Northern Poland, [in:] Archaeoastronomy in the Old World, DC Heggie (ed.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (UK): 215-224.
Ziółkowski M., Sadowski RM (1982) Los problemas de la reconstrucción de los calendarios prehispánicos andinos; Estudios Latinoamericanos, Warsaw, vol. 9, 1982-1984: 45-87.
Ziółkowski M. (1981) La función de los planetas en las creencias y los rituales andinos; Sarance, Revista del Instituto Otavaleño de Antropología, no 9.
Ziółkowski M. (1979) Acerca de algunas funciones de los keros y de las akillas en el Tawantinsuyu incaico y en el Peru colonial; Estudios Latinoamericanos, vol. 5, Warsaw.